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There are a number of ways that this can be done, including both direct and indirect methods. The most common way is actually an indirect method. This is how the very large majority of electricity is produced in the world. It is done by burning a chemical fuel to produce heat. The most common fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas (although anything that can be burned would work too). The heat from the burning is then used to heat a liquid, such as water, which is turned to steam. The pressure from the steam then spins a turbine, and it is the spinning turbine which actually makes the electricity. This is also how nuclear energy is used to make electricity: not directly, but by using the heat of nuclear fission reactions to heat water to spin a turbine. It is the spinning turbine that makes electricity by spinning a magnet inside a coil of copper wire.
“…electrochemistry. Here, chemicals are oxidized and reduced and the electrons involved in that reaction are passed through an external circuit. This is how batteries work. To do this, you need to match up two chemicals properly: one that will be oxidized, and one that will be reduced. The one that is oxidized will give up it’s electrons to the one that will be reduced, and those electrons being transfered create a current which can be used as electricity. If the chemicals are paired properly, this reaction will happen spontaneously, and electricity will be generated (if not paired correctly, then it will require electricity to drive the reaction). ”
Source(s):
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_to_convert_chemical_to_electrical_energy
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