How high are young coconut palms?

Coconut Palms, ‘Cocos nucifera’, are of two major types, ‘Tall’ and ‘Dwarf’, and numerous varieties and intermediate varieties exist.

Coconut Palm germination occurs from on the tree for Malaysian Talls, to approximately 6 – 8 weeks for other most varieties.

With favorable conditions, seedlings typically grow to approximately 12cm/5inches in the first month, 40cm/16inches at 3 months, 80cm/32inches at 6 months and 150cm/60inches at 10 months. Age 6 – 10 months is a typical period for replanting of seedlings to be performed, if so intended.

New leaves are put forth ~every 3 weeks for the first 5 – 6 months, and ~every 4 weeks thereafter. At 10 – 12 months the leaves begin to be peripinnate, the classic ‘fronds’.

Height at 1 year is ~1.65m/5.5ft, at 2 years ~3.2m/10.5ft, 3 years ~4.5m/15ft, and 4 years ~5.8m/19ft. The trunk begins to form at this time.

Talls begin to effloresce at 5 – 10 years and are typically heterozygous. Dwarves are more precocious than Talls, begin to effloresce at 3 – 4 years, and are generally self-pollinating.

As the plants mature and develop trunks, bio-energy is diverted to propagation and growth slows to 0.5m/1.5ft per year. An 8 year old Tall is ~8m/26ft, a 10 year old Tall ~9m/30ft, a 20 year old Tall ~14m/46ft, and a 40 year old Tall ~22m/72ft. Dwarves have trunk growth rates of 0.3m/1 ft per year from maturity.

Fronds senesce and drop at ~2.5 years, thus crowns contain ~32 fronds throughout maturity. Talls produce well through ~70 years, and senesce at ~1 years, and Dwarves produce well through ~40 years and senesce at ~70 years.

Talls can reach heights of 42m/140ft with canopies of 10m/33ft and Dwarves to 18m/60ft with 8m/26’canopies. Because of the consistent rates of growth within varieties, age of Coconut Palms can be fairly accurately estimated based upon trunk length(s).

Propagation is successful from seeds only, as cloning hasnt been promising.

‘Cocos nucifera’ is an ancient species, and been under cultivation for millennia, and

naturally occurring wild Talls, ‘Niu Kafa’, can still be seen in natural forest habits.

Source(s): Agriculture, Tropical Agriculture, Propagation Analysis, and Tropical Forestry

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Plant

Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 metres (98 ft) tall, with pinnate leaves 4–6 metres (13–20 ft) long, and pinnae 60–90 cm long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. Coconuts are generally classified into two general types: tall and dwarf.[4] On very fertile land a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30 mainly due to poor cultural practices.[5] In recent years, improvements in cultivation practices and breeding has produced coconut trees that can yield more.[6][7]

[edit] Fruit

Botanically the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut.[8] Like other fruits it has three layers: exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The exocarp and mesocarp make up the husk of the coconut. Coconuts sold in the shops of non-tropical countries often have had the exocarp (outermost layer) removed. The mesocarp is composed of fibers called coir which have many traditional and commercial uses. The shell has three germination pores (stoma) or eyes that are clearly visible on its outside surface once the husk is removed.

A full-sized coconut weighs about 1.44 kilograms (3.2 lb). It takes around 60 full-grown coconuts to produce a tonne of copra.[9]

[edit] Seed

Within the shell is a single seed. When the seed germinates, the root (radicle) of its embryo pushes out through one of the eyes of the shell. The outermost layer of the seed, the testa, adheres to the inside of the shell. In a mature coconut, a thick albuminous endosperm adheres to the inside of the testa. This endosperm or meat is the white and fleshy edible part of the coconut. Although coconut meat contains less fat than many oilseeds and seeds such as almonds, it is noted for its high amount of medium-chain saturated fat.[10] About 90% of the fat found in coconut meat is saturated, a proportion exceeding that of foods such as lard, butter, and tallow. There has been some debate as to whether or not the saturated fat in coconuts is healthier than other forms of saturated fat (see coconut oil). Like most nut meats, coconut meat contains less sugar and more protein than popular fruits such as bananas, apples and oranges. It is relatively high in minerals such as iron, phosphorus and zinc.

Coconut seed interior

The endosperm surrounds a hollow interior space, filled with air and often a liquid referred to as coconut water (distinct from coconut milk). Immature coconuts are more likely to contain coconut water and less meat. They are often sold with a small portion of the husk cut away to allow access to the coconut water. Young coconuts used for coconut water are called tender coconuts. The water of a tender coconut is liquid endosperm. It is sweet (mild) with an aerated feel when cut fresh. Depending on its size a tender contains 3 to 1,0 ml of coconut water.

The meat in a green young coconut is softer and more gelatinous than that in a mature coconut—so much so that it is sometimes known as coconut jelly. When the coconut has ripened and the outer husk has turned brown, a few months later, it will fall from the palm of its own accord. At that time the endosperm has thickened and hardened, while the coconut water has become somewhat bitter.

When the coconut fruit is still green, the husk is very hard, but green coconuts only fall if they have been attacked by molds or other blights. By the time the coconut naturally falls, the husk has become brown, the coir has become drier and softer, and the coconut is less likely to cause damage when it drops, although there have been instances of coconuts falling from palms and injuring people, and claims of some fatalities. This was the subject of a paper published in 1984 that won the Ig Nobel Prize in 21. Falling coconut deaths are often used as a comparison to shark attacks; the claim is often made that a person is more likely to be killed by a falling coconut than by a shark, yet such evidence as there is would suggest that the number of deaths due to falling coconuts is small.[11] [12]

Coconut, meat, raw

When viewed on end, the endocarp and germination pores give the fruit the appearance of a coco (also Côca), a Portuguese word for a scary witch from Portuguese folklore, that used to be represented as a carved vegetable lantern, hence the name of the fruit.[13] The specific name nucifera is Latin for nut-bearing.

Source(s): http://youtu.be/ADlBtcWK418

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